Development

2024-08-04T11:21:36Z

Vaino: deb.debian.org does not have stretch anymore

Maemo Leste development is split up in a few different places.

== Communication and organising ==

* Our https://maemo-leste.github.io website is where we post (news) updates, as well as on talk.maemo.org (see this subforum https://talk.maemo.org/forumdisplay.php?f=66 and this maemo.org thread: https://talk.maemo.org/showthread.php?t=100192)
* There is the issue tracker; for filing bugs and keeping track of issues/milestones. https://github.com/maemo-leste/bugtracker
* The day-to-day development and user chatter mostly takes place in the [[IRC channel]]
* We also have a mailing list, at [https://lists.dyne.org/lurker/list/maemo-leste.en.html https://lists.dyne.org/lurker/list/maemo-leste.en.html]
* This wiki: for documenting the status of various long-running projects, status per device, etc.

== Task Summary ==

For current (semi) impactful tasks, see

[[Development/Tasks]]

== Codename ==

* Maemo Leste is currently based on Devuan Chimaera, which is based on Debian Bullseye.

== Guides ==

* [[Development/Porting Packages]]
* [[Development/Building Packages]]
* [[Development/Modified Software]]
* [[Development/Device Bringup]]
* https://wiki.maemo.org/Documentation/Maemo_5_Developer_Guide

== Technical ==

All our git repositories can be found here: https://github.com/maemo-leste

=== Jenkins ===

To aid development and provide "continous integration" we have a build server, which takes a git repository and builds software and packages it, and will automatically make said package end up in Maemo Leste repositories. This is done by Jenkins, and the instance can be found here: https://phoenix.maemo.org/

=== Developing on a device ===

All development software and tests end up in 'chimaera-devel' apt source. For enabling this edit '/etc/apt/sources.list' and add this line:

deb https://maedevu.maemo.org/leste chimaera-devel main contrib non-free droid4

The exact line might depend on your device; just copy the maemo chimaera line and change chimaera to chimaera-devel - for example, if you're not on a mapphone (droid) device, you probably don't want the droid4 component in the line.

Actual development is mostly done from within Maemo Leste itself. (For Maemo Fremantle developers, this might sound weird, but there is essentially no need for a 'scratchbox' type VM)

The current developers mostly work in a [[Virtual_Machine|Virtual Machine]] or on a [[Raspberry Pi 2|Raspberry Pi]].

=== Building a Maemo Leste image ===

See https://leste.maemo.org/Image_Builder

=== List of Programs/Daemon specific to Maemo ===

https://leste.maemo.org/Development/Daemons

=== Crossbuilding ===

Multiarch is an ability present on modern Debian systems that allows you to build native packages for different architectures. This is nice because you can build packages for an ARM based phone using the full power of your x86 based PC/Mac/Notebook or a server.

Here we show how you can easily setup a multiarch environment and build a native package for Maemo Leste running on Nokia N900. We are going to make a container (chroot) for this job. It's because we don't want to pollute our main system.

# Make a container for our development system
DIR=/var/lib/container/stretch
sudo apt-get install qemu-user-static debootstrap systemd-container &&
sudo debootstrap --arch=armhf stretch $DIR http://archive.debian.org/debian &&
echo "strech_cross" | sudo tee $DIR/etc/debian_chroot &&
sudo systemd-nspawn --bind /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static -D $DIR

# Setup build environment inside the container
cat >> ~/.bashrc << EOF &&
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/lib/pkgconfig
export CC=arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc
export JOBS=$(grep processor /proc/cpuinfo | wc -l)
EOF
dpkg --add-architecture armhf &&
apt-get -y install --no-install-recommends build-essential crossbuild-essential-armhf ca-certificates &&
cat >> /etc/apt/sources.list << "EOF" &&
deb http://maedevu.maemo.org/leste ascii main contrib non-free n900
deb http://maedevu.maemo.org/leste ascii-devel main contrib non-free n900

deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian stretch main
deb-src http://maedevu.maemo.org/leste ascii main contrib non-free n900
deb-src http://maedevu.maemo.org/leste ascii-devel main contrib non-free n900
EOF
wget --no-check-certificate https://maedevu.maemo.org/testing-key.asc &&
apt-key add testing-key.asc &&
rm -f testing-key.asc &&
rm -f /var/cache/apt/archives/*.deb &&
apt-get update &&
exec bash

# Build Xorg for Nokia N900
apt-get source xserver-xorg-core &&
cd xorg-server-1.19.2 &&
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/buildroot/buildroot/88e0f214dcb7c2a99a4425a70673d2aa5f48d720/package/x11r7/xserver_xorg-server/1.20.4/0002-configure.ac-Fix-check-for-CLOCK_MONOTONIC.patch &&
mv -v 0002-configure.ac-Fix-check-for-CLOCK_MONOTONIC.patch debian/patches &&
echo -e "# crossbuild fix\n0002-configure.ac-Fix-check-for-CLOCK_MONOTONIC.patch" >> debian/patches/series &&
apt-get -y build-dep -a armhf . &&
time dpkg-buildpackage -aarmhf -j$JOBS -b &&
echo OK || echo FAIL

To login the container later:
sudo systemd-nspawn --bind /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static -D /var/lib/container/stretch

To remove the container:
sudo rm -fr /var/lib/container/stretch

=== Cross-distro solution for development inside an ARM/ARM64 chroot on a PC ===

It's possible to set up an emulated chroot development environment for ARM on x86/amd64 that will work on almost any Linux distro with just a few simple steps. This will work for systemd-less distros including Devuan and even Maemo Leste on x86/amd64. This guide provides an example for how to set up a generic ARM64 development chroot on a Debian-based distro. This method can similarly be used with images (tarballs) for other devices.

1. Install the QEMU full system emulation static binaries and [http://binfmt-support.nongnu.org/ support for foreign binaries]:

$ sudo apt-get install qemu-user-static binfmt-support

The installation should register ARM binaries for automatic execution via QEMU. You can verify this with '''update-binfmts''':

$ sudo update-binfmts --display qemu-arm
qemu-arm (enabled):
package = qemu-user-static
type = magic
offset = 0
magic = \x7f\x45\x4c\x46\x01\x01\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x02\x00\x28\x00
mask = \xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\x00\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xff\xfe\xff\xff\xff
interpreter = /usr/bin/qemu-arm-static
detector =

2. Find the [http://maedevu.maemo.org/images/arm64-generic/ latest] Maemo Leste ARM64 tarball and download and extract it:

$ mkdir leste-arm64
$ cd leste-arm64
$ curl http://maedevu.maemo.org/images/arm64-generic/20190226/maemo-leste-1.0-arm64-generic-20190226.tar.gz | gunzip -c | sudo tar xvf -

3. From the same directory, configure the chroot with a few resources from your host system:

$ sudo mount -t proc proc proc
$ sudo mount -o bind /dev dev
$ sudo mount -o bind /dev/pts dev/pts

4. From the same directory, create a symlink for the mount table:

$ sudo ln -s /proc/mounts etc/mtab

5. From the same directory, set the locale, enter the chroot and switch to the unprivileged user:

$ sudo LC_ALL=C chroot . /bin/su - user

You'll now be ready to use your Maemo Leste ARM64 development environment:

$ uname -m
aarch64

Once you have finished with it, you can exit and unmount the resources you previously mounted:

$ exit
$ sudo umount dev/pts dev proc

=== Localization ===

See [[Localization]]

=== TODO ===

* Discuss where people look to pick up issues (clear answer is the bugtracker, but still)
* How people can make changes and how to send them in

Maemo Leste Wiki - User contributions [en]

Development