PinePhone

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PinePhone
Manufacturer	Pine64
Specifications
SoC	Allwinner A64
Hardware Features
Software Features

This is for all PinePhones starting with the first Pinephone (Braveheart) phone, but not for the PinePhone Pro.

Notes

Go here for latest images to test. Please get in touch with us to report any issues or learn how to help out with the project.

Status

Currently, most things work, for example you can:

• Run any applications in Debian and Devuan on your phone
• Connect to wifi
• Use the terminal
• Connect to 2G/3G/4G data connections
• Make and receive phone calls and SMS
• PinePhone keyboard is supported

Feature	Leste supported	Notes
Kernel version	5.15	Mainline + some patches: https://github.com/maemo-leste/pine64-kernel
Serial	Yes	Via headphone jack (disable headphone switch)
Charging	Yes
Wireless	Yes	Involves installing out of tree driver
Ethernet	N/A	ps: USB Ethernet adapter tested and works
Bluetooth	YES	No UI integration yet
Infrared	N/A	TX only (hardware limitation).
USB C	Yes	Peripheral/slave, exposes network gadget by default. Host Untested
Keyboard	Yes	When a PP keyboard is connected, it works out-of-the-box
Screen	Yes	Modesetting driver
3D Acceleration	Yes	mesa-lima
Touchscreen	Yes	Capacitive
Audio	Yes	Pulseaudio and UCM units
2G/3G/4G data	YES	Works with ofono;
SMS	YES	Works with ofono, will using telepathy-ring. Sphone and Conversations are currently available
Phone calls	YES	Works with ofono; Calls work with sphone as UI
VoLTE	YES	Quectel EG25 has VoLTE support, no userland required, but setting VoLTE profile might be needed
Accelerometer	Yes
Proximity sensor	Yes
RGB LED	WIP	Works, but mce can't deal with LEDs without controllers yet.
Vibration Motor	?
GPS	WIP	Works with WIP Leste GPS stack
Cameras	WIP	Driver present for rear (OV5640) and front (GC2145) cameras. User space support in progress with libcamera.

More Information

• Virtual keyboard should work in all gtk2 applications (not yet in gtk3 and qt, but this is coming).
• Default virtual keyboard is set to on. You can check by tapping the top left corner->"Settings"->"Text input"-> ensure the "Use virtual keyboard" option is checked. You may also want to change the keyboard layout by changing the dictionary settings.
• WiFi and terminal work.
• Some rendering bugs in portrait mode remain, so the default desktop orientation is landscape for now (xrandr -o right). Please note that if orientation is changed (e.g. with xrandr -o normal) the ui will still be reading original key positions.
• Screen brightness adjustments in UI do not work on the Pinephone yet. There is also a user reported when "brightness" UI setting is set to minimum (no visual change normally), the screen will stay black after reboot with WiFi set to ON with kill switch. However screen is normal after reboot if WiFi set to OFF with kill switch even minimum "brightness" UI setting. You may still change the screen brightness with terminal commands: xrandr --output DSI-1 --brightness 0.5
• Performance is not bad, but will get better, with hildon-desktop optimisations and as lima improves.
• Many "games" packages in the Application Manager don't work well yet.
• VoLTE should work out-of-the-box. If not, please set the VoLTE profile via AT commands. For example, for T-Mobile in US, do:

$ echo 'AT+QMBNCFG="select","Commercial-TMO_VoLTE"' | atinout - /dev/EG25.AT -

In order to list all specific VoLTE profiles, use:

$ echo 'AT+QMBNCFG="list"' | atinout - /dev/EG25.AT -

To enable calling out over VoLTE, use:

$ echo 'AT+QCFG="ims",1' | atinout - /dev/EG25.AT -

Reboot the modem by rebooting the phone.

Installation

Unlike most phones, it's pretty simple.

SD Card Installation

Prepare the SD card

Create a new msdos partition table using fdisk

$ sudo fdisk /dev/SDCARD 

1. press 'p' to view current table
2. press 'o' to erase and make a new table
3. press 'w' to write changes and quit

Write the image to an SD-Card.

Download the latest image and the associated checksum file from here.

$ wget https://maedevu.maemo.org/images/pinephone/DATE/IMAGE FILE
$ wget https://maedevu.maemo.org/images/pinephone/DATE/CHECKSUM FILE
$ sha256sum maemo-leste-*-arm64-pinephone-*.img.xz
$ cat maemo-leste-*-arm64-pinephone-*.img.xz.sha56

Compare the output. If they do not match, stop and ask someone in the project for help. If the checksums match, extract the image:

$ unxz maemo-leste-*-arm64-pinephone-*.img.xz

Write the image to microSD. Be very careful with this step to select the correct device.

$ dd if=maemo-leste-*-arm64-pinephone-*.img /path/to/sd-card bs=4M status=progress conv=fsync

Block size set to 4M will work most of the time. If not, try 1M, although this will take considerably longer. Do not use partition numbers, or it won't boot. For example: sdd, not sdds1 or sddp1; mmcblk0, not mmcblk0p1. In most cases with SD cards, your computer might read the SD card as mmcblk0 or something similar.

Make absolutely sure you replace the input file if= argument with the path to your file, and the /dev/sdX in the output file of= argument with the correct device name. This is very important, as you will lose all the data on the device you selected, make sure it is the correct one. You can use Gnome Disks, gparted, Etcher, etc...your choice. Again, as with all of these tools, be careful to select the microSD card not your computer hard drive.

eMMC Installation

Some notes have been adapted from the Pine64 Wiki.

Preparing the .img file for eMMC boot

Download the .img.xz version of the image and extract it:

$ unxz -k maemo-leste-*-arm64-pinephone-*.img.xz

The image, by default, points to /dev/mmcblk0 for SD cards, which must be modified to point to /dev/mmcblk2 for the eMMC. To start, mount the image to a loop device.

$ sudo losetup -P /dev/loop0 maemo-leste-*-arm64-pinephone-*.img

Mount the second partition to /mnt and the first partition to /mnt/boot and enter /mnt:

$ sudo mount /dev/loop0p2 /mnt
$ sudo mount /dev/loop0p1 /mnt/boot
$ cd /mnt

Use the editor of your choice to edit /mnt/etc/fstab, replacing /dev/mmcblk0 with /dev/mmcblk2.

Now we need to edit boot.scr. For that you will need to download boot.txt from Maemo Leste github:

$ cd /mnt/boot
$ sudo wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/maemo-leste/pine64-uboot/master/boot.txt

Now we do the same step as we did for the fstab, replacing /dev/mmcblk0 with /dev/mmcblk2 in boot.txt.

To regenerate boot.scr you need to install u-boot-tools first to be able to use mkimage.

Regenerate boot.scr:

$ sudo mkimage -A arm -O linux -T script -C none -a 0 -e 0 -d boot.txt boot.scr

Leave /mnt and unmount the partitions:

$ cd ~
$ sudo umount -R /mnt

We can now save the image we just modified using dd:

$ sudo dd if=/dev/loop0 of=maemo-leste-1.0-arm64-pinephone-EMMC.img

The image is now ready to be installed to the eMMC.

We can now remove the loop device we created earlier:

$ sudo losetup -d /dev/loop0

Install Using Tow-Boot

If you flashed tow-boot to the PinePhone the eMMC can be flashed by holding vol+ on startup to boot into USB Mass Storage mode.

The process of flashing Maemo Leste to the eMMC is identical to that of any other storage medium - e.g. a microSD card. You can use the dd command or a utility such as Etcher or Gnome Disks, etc.

Install Using JumpDrive

You can flash Maemo Leste to eMMC using JumpDrive. This utility boots from microSD and exposes the internal eMMC flash storage when the PinePhone is connected to a computer.

The process of flashing Maemo Leste to the exposed and mounted eMMC is identical to that of any other storage medium - e.g. a microSD card.

JumpDrive instructions are on the Pine64 wiki.

Install from the booted microSD

1. Flash Maemo Leste to the microSD card
2. Insert microSD card and boot the phone
3. Download the latest Maemo Leste image on the booted OS; if you get errors during download, you'll have to expand the partition; and don't forget to re-check the checksums when you download.
4. Extract the image file so that it only ends in ".img"
5. Flash the image file to eMMC using dd if=IMAGE.img of=/dev/mmcblkX bs=1M status=progress conv=fsync where X is the number label of the eMMC (of the disk, not the partition!). Use the command lsblk to check your devices: typically with the current kernel the microSD card is /dev/mmcblk0 and the eMMC is /dev/mmcblk2 but as always with dd be extremely cautious to get the devices correct.
6. Turn off phone, remove microSD card and then turn on the phone.

Post-Installation

How to take a picture

Maemo userland to take pictures or make videos is ready yet. The default camera app is pinhole: https://github.com/piggz/harbour-pinhole/

Both cameras (rear and front) are supported. Work in ongoing to improve the camera app.

To open the (pinhole) camera from the terminal:

$ harbour-pinhole

Or open it from Maemo desktop "Camera" icon.

In order to trigger auto-focus:

$ v4l2-ctl -d /dev/v4l-subdev1 -c focus_automatic_continuous=1

Or trigger autofocus using the commands to start and stop manually:

$ v4l2-ctl -d /dev/v4l-subdev1 -c auto_focus_start=1

then wait till it gets the focus where you want, then

$ v4l2-ctl -d /dev/v4l-subdev1 -c auto_focus_stop=1

You can use this script as reference to take a picture: https://github.com/OpenMandrivaAssociation/pinephone-tools/blob/master/camera-setup

Or use libcamera tools (libcamera-tools package). To list the cameras:

$ cam -l

Example to capture 10 pictures with the rear camera:

$ cam --camera "/base/i2c-csi/rear-camera@4c" --file=/home/user/some_dir --capture=10

Example to capture 10 pictures with the front camera:

$ cam --camera "/base/i2c-csi/front-camera@3c" --file=/home/user/some_dir --capture=10

And then, conver the raw ".bin" files to some useful format with ffmpeg or any other image conversion tool. Example:

$ ffmpeg -f image2 -vcodec rawvideo -s 1600x1200 -pix_fmt bayer_bggr8 -i picture.bin converted_picture.jpeg

Other option is to use "cam" to capture to DNG. Example:

$ cam --camera "/base/i2c-csi/rear-camera@4c" --file=/home/user/frame-#.dng --capture=10

And then convert to .ppm (for .tiff use "-T" cmd line parameter). Eg:

$ dcraw frame-cam0-stream0-000001.dng

Also the graphical tool "qcam" is working! Run it with:

$ qcam -r gles -spixelformat=NV21,width=1280,height=720 -platform xcb -style=fusion

Enabling Flash Light / Torch

Enable:

$  echo 1 > /sys/class/leds/white:flash/brightness

Disable:

$ echo 0 > /sys/class/leds/white:flash/brightness

Trigger flash strobe:

$ echo 1 > /sys/class/leds/white:flash/flash_strobe

PinePhone Keyboard

First of all, make sure you have the latest firmware loaded in the keyboard (firmware is here: https://github.com/maemo-leste-upstream-forks/pinephone-keyboard/tree/master/firmware/build and userland here: https://github.com/maemo-leste-upstream-forks/pinephone-keyboard ):

$ ppkb-i2c-flasher -e i2c -i fw-user.bin write reset

Load the xkb layout ( available here: https://codeberg.org/phalio/ppkb-layouts/src/branch/main/xkb )

$ setxkbmap pp altgr

Suspend

Suspend can be triggered with:

$ echo mem > /sys/power/state

A temporary workaround for calling suspend from UI is here: https://github.com/rafael2k/maemo-suspend/

Volume Applet

Volume applet ( https://github.com/maemo-leste/maemo-statusmenu-volume ) needs a change in "sink_name" at "/usr/share/maemo-statusmenu-volume/sinks.ini". Edit the sinks.ini in order the sink_name is:

sink_name=alsa_output.0.HiFi__hw_PinePhone_0__sink

Installing apps

• Apps can be installed just as on any Devuan system with:

$ sudo apt install package-name

• There is also the app store.

Launching apps

This works for any app. Say for instance, you want to run Iceweasel/Firefox:

• Launch apps from the desktop
• Launch apps from your console:

$ iceweasel &

• Install a universal app launcher that you can run from desktop:

$ sudo apt install desktop-cmd-exec

Make apps show up on desktop

Apps installed via apt, or otherwise not installed from the app store, don't come with desktop icons pre-configured and so won't show up on the desktop. If you want desktop icons for your apps, you have to edit .desktop files for the apps you want to show up on the desktop, see (examples)

To view a list of currently installed apps, do:

$ sudo apt list --installed | less

This should help you figure out for which apps to configure .desktop icons. A benefit with all this is that you can decide which apps you want to show or hide.

Unhide the keyboard

The virtual keyboard can be summoned by hitting the volume-up key while the cursor is in a text field (such as the URL bar in a web browser like Firefox). This will be fixed in a future release (image tested: 20220731).

Note about Calculator

The default GUI calculator works (08/15/2022) but you won't see the numbers appear on screen until after you touch the next key. It should be used in landscape mode for best results, as there are additional display issues in portrait mode.

Time zone / World Clock

Currently (06/15/2022) the interface to the default GUI clock has a few bugs but the workaround is to:

• Go to Settings > Date and Time > and adjust time zone and date and time there. This also has some bugs, but only in portrait mode.

• Or just use the console:

$ sudo date -s HH:MM
$ sudo date -s YYYYMMDD
$ sudo ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/YOURREGION/YOURCITY /etc/localtime

More Tips & Tricks

Visit this page for more general advice on customizing Maemo on your PinePhone.